A Voice from the Philadelphian Church Age . QUICK VIEW Table of CHAPTER Links VOLUME THIRD BOOK EIGHTEENTH

HISTORY OF PROTESTANTISM IN THE NETHERLANDS.

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Chapter 1	THE NETHERLANDS AND THEIR INHABITANTS. Batavia — Formed by Joint Action of the Rhine and the Sea — Dismal Territory — The First Inhabitants — Belgium — Holland — Their First Struggles with the Ocean — Their Second with the Roman Power — 'they Pass under Charlemagne — Rise and Greatness of their Commerce — Civic Rights and Liberties — These Threatened by the Austro-Burgundian Emperors — A Divine Principle comes to their aid.
Chapter 2	INTRODUCTION OF PROTESTANTISM INTO THE NETHERLANDS. Power of the Church of Rome in the Low Countries in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries — Ebb in the Fifteenth Century — Causes — Forerunners — Waldenses and Albigenses — Romaunt Version of the Scriptures — Influence of Wicliffe's Writings and Huss's Martyrdom — Influence of Commerce, etc. — Charles V. and the Netherlands — Persecuting Edicts — Great Number of Martyrs.
Chapter 3	ANTWERP: ITS CONFESSORS AND MARTYRS. Antwerp — Its Convent of Augustines — Jacob Spreng — Henry of Zutphen — Convent Razed — A Preacher Drowned — Placards of the Emperor Charles V. — Well of Life — Long and Dreadful Series of Edicts — Edict of 1540 — The Inquisition — Spread of Lutheranism — Confessors — Martyrdom of John de Bakker.
Chapter 4	ABDICATION OF CHARLES V. AND ACCESSION OF PHILIP II. Decrepitude of the Emperor — Hall of Brabant Palace — Speech of the Emperor — Failure of his Hopes and Labours — Philip II. — His Portrait — Slender Endowments — Portrait of William of Orange — Other Netherland Nobles — Close of Pageant.
Chapter 5	PHILIP ARRANGES THE GOVERNMENT OF THE NETHERLANDS, AND DEPARTS FOR SPAIN. Philip II. Renews the Edict of 1535 of his Father — Other Atrocious Edicts — Further Martyrdoms — Inquisition introduced into the Low Countries — Indignation and Alarm of the Netherlanders — Thirteen New Bishops — The Spanish Troops to be left in the Country — Violations of the Netherland Charters — Bishop of Arras — His Craft and Ambition — Popular Discontent — Margaret, Duchess of Parma, appointed Regent — Three Councils — Assembly of the States at Ghent — The States request the Suppression of the Edicts — Anger of Philip — He sets Sail from Flushing — Storm — Arrival in Spain.
Chapter 6	STORMS IN THE COUNCIL, AND MARTYRS AT THE STAKE. Three Councils — These Three but One — Margaret, Duchess of Parma — Cardinal Granvelle — Opposition to the New Bishops-Storms at the Council-board — Position of Prince of Orange, and Counts Egmont and Horn — Their joint Letter to the King — Smouldering Discontent — Persecution — Peter Titlemann — Severity of the Edicts — Father and Son at the Stake — Heroism of the Flemish Martyrs — Execution of a Schoolmaster — A Skeleton at a Feast — Burning of Three Refugees — Great Number of Flemish Martyrs — What their Country Owed them.
Chapter 7	RETIREMENT OF GRANVELLE — BELGIC CONFESSION OF FAITH. Tumults at Valenciennes — Rescue of Two Martyrs — Terrible Revenge — Rhetoric Clubs — The Cardinal Attacked in Plays, Farces, and Lampoons — A Caricature — A Meeting of the States Demanded and Refused — Orders from Spain for the more Vigorous Prosecution of the Edicts — Orange, Egmont, and Horn Retire from the Council — They Demand the Recall of Granvelle — Doublings of Philip II. — Granvelle under pretense of Visiting his Mother Leaves the Netherlands — First Belgic Confession of Faith — Letter of Flemish Protestants to Philip II. — Toleration.
Chapter 8	THE RISING STORM. Speech of Prince of Orange at the Council-table — Egmont sent to Spain-Demand for the States-General, and the Abolition of the Edicts — Philip's Reply — More Martyrs — New and More Rigorous Instructions from Philip — The Nobles and Cities Remonstrate — Arrogance of the Inquisitors — New Mode of putting Protestants to Death — Rising Indignation in the Low Countries — Rumours of General Massacre — Dreadful Secret Imparted to Prince of Orange — Council of Trent — Programme of Massacre.
Chapter 9	THE CONFEDERATES OR "BEGGARS." League of the Flemish Nobles — Franciscus Junius — The "Confederacy " — Its Object — Number of Signatories — Meeting of the Golden Fleece and States-General — How shall Margaret Steer? — Procession of the Confederates — Their Petition — Perplexity of the Duchess — Stormy Debate in the Council — The Confederates first styled "Beggars" — Medals Struck in Commemoration of the Name — Livery of the Beggars — Answer of the Duchess — Promised Moderation of the Edicts — Martyrdoms Continued — Four Martyrs at Lille — John Cornelius Beheaded.
Chapter 10	THE FIELD-PREACHINGS. The Protestants Resolve to Worship in Public — First Field-Preaching near Ghent-Herman Modet — Seven Thousand Hearers — The Assembly Attacked, but Stands its Ground — Second Field-Preaching — Arrangements at the Field-Preaching — Wall of Waggons — Sentinels, etc. — Numbers of the Worshippers — Singing of the Psalms — Field-Preaching near Antwerp — The Governor Forbids them — The Magistrates unable to put them down — Field-Preaching at Tournay — Immense Congregations — Peregrine de la Grange — Ambrose Wille — Field-Preaching in Holland — Peter Gabriel and John Arentson — Secret Consultations — -First Sermon near Horn — Enormous Conventicle near Haarlem — The Town Gates Locked — The Imprisoned Multitude Compel their Opening — Grandeur of the Conventicle — Difference between the Field-Preachers and the Confederates — Preaching at Delft — Utrecht — The Hague — Arrival of more Preachers.
Chapter 11	THE IMAGE-BREAKINGS. The Confederate Envoys — Philip's Cruel Purpose — -The Image-Breakers — Their Character — Their Devastations — Overspread the Low Countries in a Week — Pillage of 400 Churches — Antwerp Cathedral — Its Magnificence — -Its Pillage — Pillage of the Rest of the Churches — The True Iconoclast Hammer-The Preachers and their People take no part in the Image-Breakings — Image-Breaking in Holland — Amsterdam and other Towns — What Protestantism Teaches concerning Image-Breaking — The Popular Outbreaks at the Reformation and at the French Revolution Compared.
Chapter 12	REACTION — SUBMISSION OF THE SOUTHERN NETHERLANDS. Treaty between the Governor and Nobles — Liberty given the Reformed to Build Churches — Remonstrances of Margaret — Reply of Orange — Anger of Philip — His Cruel Resolve — Philip's Treachery — Letters that Read Two Ways — the Governor raises Soldiers — A Great Treachery Meditated — Egmont's and Horn's Compliance with the Court, and Severities against the Reformed — Horn at Tournay — Forbids the Reformed to Worship inside the Walls — Permitted to erect Churches outside — Money and Materials — the Governor Violates the Accord — Re-formed Religion Forbidden in Tournay and Valenciennes — Siege of Valenciennes by Noircarmes — Sufferings of the Besieged — They Surrender-Treachery of Noircarmes — Execution of the Two Protestant Ministers — Terror inspired by the Fall of Valenciennes — Abject Submission of the Southern Netherlands.
Chapter 13	THE COUNCIL OF BLOOD. Orange's Penetration of Philip's Mind — Conference at Dendermonde — Resolution of Egmont — William Retires to Nassau in Germany — Persecution Increased — The Gallows Full — Two Sisters — Philip resolves to send an Army to the Netherlands — Its Command given to the Duke of Alva — His Character — His Person — His Fanaticism and Bloodthirstiness — Character of the Soldiers — An Army of Alvas — Its March — Its Morale — Its Entrance Unopposed — Margaret Retires from the Netherlands — Alva Arrests Egmont and Horn — Refugees — Death of Berghen and Montigny — The Council of Blood — Sentence of Death upon all the Inhabitants of the Netherlands — Constitution of the Blood Council — Its Terrible Work — Shrove-tide — A proposed Holocaust — Sentence of Spanish Inquisition upon the Netherlands.
Chapter 14	WILLIAM UNFURLS HIS STANDARD — EXECUTION OF EGMONT AND HORN. William cited by the Blood Council — His Estates Confiscated — Solicited to Unfurl the Standard against Spain — Funds raised — Soldiers Enlisted — The War waged in the King's Name — Louis of Nassau — The Invading Host Marches — Battle at Dam — Victory of Count Louis — Rage of Alva — Executions — Condemnation of Counts Egmont and Horn — Sentence intimated to them — Egmont's Conduct on the Scaffold — Executed — Death of Count Horn — Battle of Gemmingen — Defeat of Count Louis.
Chapter 15	FAILURE OF WILLIAM'S FIRST CAMPAIGN. Execution of Widow van Dieman — Herman Schinkel — Martyrdoms at Ghent — at Bois-le-Duc — Peter van Kulen and his Maid-servant — A New Gag Invented — William Approaches with his Army — His Manifesto — -His Avowal of his Faith — William Crosses the Rhine — Alva Declines Battle — William's Supplies Fail — Flanders Refuses to Rise — William Retires — Alva's Elation — Erects a Statue to himself — Its Inscription — The Pope sends him Congratulations, etc. — Synod of the Church of the Netherlands — Presbyterian Church Government Established.
Chapter 16	THE "BEGGARS OF THE SEA," AND SECOND CAMPAIGN OF ORANGE. Brabant Inactive — Trials of the Blood Council — John Hassels — Executions at Valenciennes — The Year 1568 — More Edicts — Individual Martyrdoms — A Martyr Saving the Life of his Persecutor — Burning of Four Converted Priests at the Hague-William enters on his Second Campaign — His Appeal for Funds — The Refugees — The "Beggars of the Sea" — Discipline of the Privateer Fleet — Plan for Collecting Funds — Elizabeth — De la Marck — Capture of Brill by the Sea Beggars — Foundations laid of the Dutch Republic — Alva's Fury — Bossu Fails to Retake Brill — Dort and Flushing declare against Spain — Holland and Zealand declare for William — Louis of Nassau takes Mons — Alva Besieges it — The Tenth Penny — Meeting of the States of Holland — Speech of St. Aldegonde — Toleration — William of Orange declared Stadtholder of Holland.
Chapter 17	WILLIAM'S SECOND CAMPAIGN, AND SUBMISSION OF BRABANT AND FLANDERS. William's New Levies — He crosses the Rhine — Welcome from Flemish Cities — Sinews of War — Hopes in France — Disappointed by the St. Bartholomew Massacre — Reverses — Mutiny — William Disbands his Army — Alva takes Revenge on the Cities of Brabant — Cruelties in Mons — Mechlin Pillaged — Terrible Fate of Zutphen and Naarden — Submission of the Cities of Brabant — Holland Prepares for Defence — Meeting of Estates at Haarlem — Heroic Resolution — Civil and Ecclesiastical Reorganisation of Holland — Novel Battle on the Ice — Preparations for the Siege of Haarlem.
Chapter 18	THE SIEGE OF HAARLEM. Haarlem — Its Situation — Its Defences — Army of Amazons — Haze on the Lake — Defeat of a Provisioning Party — Commencement of the Cannonade — A Breach — Assault — Repulse of the Foe — Haarlem Reinforced by William — Reciprocal Barbarities — The Siege Renewed — Mining and Countermining-Battles below the Earth — New Breach — Second Repulse of the Besiegers — Toledo contemplates Raising the Siege — Alva Forbids him to do so — The City more Closely Blockaded — Famine — Dreadful Misery in the City — Final Effort of William for its Deliverance — It Fails — Citizens offer to Capitulate — Toledo's Terms of Surrender — Accepted — The Surrender — Dismal Appearance of the City — Toledo's Treachery — Executions and Massacres — Moral Victory to the Protestant Cause — William's Inspiriting Address to the States.
Chapter 19	SIEGE OF ALKMAAR, AND RECALL OF ALVA. Alkmaar — Its Situation — Its Siege — Sonoy's Dismay — Courageous Letter of the Prince — Savage Threats of Alva — Alkmaar Cannonaded — Breach — Stormed — Fury of the Attack — Heroism of the Repulse — What Ensign Solis saw within the Walls — The Spaniards Refuse to Storm the Town a Second Time — The Dutch Threaten to Cut the Dykes, and Drown the Spanish Camp — The Siege Raised — Amsterdam — Battle of Dutch and Spanish Fleets before it — Defeat of the Spaniards — Admiral Bossu taken Prisoner — Alva Recalled — His Manner of Leaving — Number Executed during his Government — Medina Coeli appointed Governor — He Resigns -Requesens appointed — -Assumes the Guise of Moderation — Plain Warning of William — Question of Toleration of Roman Worship — Reasonings — The States at Leyden Forbid its Public Celebration — Opinions of William of Orange.
Chapter 20	THIRD CAMPAIGN OF WILLIAM, AND DEATH OF COUNT LOUIS OF NASSAU. Middelburg — Its Siege — Capture by the Sea Beggars-Destruction of One-half of the Spanish Fleet — Sea-board of Zealand and Holland in the hands of the Dutch — William's Preparations for a Third Campaign — Funds — France gives Promises, but no Money — Louis's Army — Battle of Mook — Defeat and Death of Louis — William's Misfortunes — His Magnanimity and Devotion — His Greatness of the First Rank — He Retires into Holland — Mutiny in Avila's Army — The Mutineers Spoil Antwerp — Final Destruction of Spanish Fleet — Opening of the Siege of Leyden — Situation of that Town — Importance of the Siege — Stratagem of Philip — Spirit of the Citizens.
Chapter 21	THE SIEGE OF LEYDEN. Leyden — Provisions Fail — William's Sickness — His Plan of Letting in the Sea — The Dykes Cut — The Waters do not Rise — The Flotilla cannot be Floated — Dismay in Leyden — Terrors of the Famine — Pestilence — Deaths — Unabated Resolution of the Citizens — A Mighty Fiat goes forth — The Wind Shifts — The Ocean Overflows the Dykes — The Flotilla, Approaches — Fights on the Dykes — The Fort Lammen — Stops the Flotilla — Midnight Noise — Fort Lainmen Abandoned — Leyden Relieved — Public Solemn Thanksgiving — Another Prodigy — The Sea Rolled Back.
Chapter 22	MARCH OF THE SPANISH ARMY THROUGH THE SEA — SACK OF ANTWERP. The Darkest Hour Passed — A University Founded in Leyden — Its Subsequent Eminence — Mediation — Philip Demands the Absolute Dominancy of the Popish Worship-The Peace Negotiations Broken off — The Islands of Zealand — The Spaniards March through the Sea — The Islands Occupied — The Hopes that Philip builds on this — These Hopes Dashed — Death of Governor Requesens — Mutiny of Spanish Troops — They Seize on Alost — Pillage the Country around — The Spanish Army Join the Mutiny-Antwerp Sacked — Terrors of the Sack — Massacre, Rape, Burning — The "Antwerp Fury" — Retribution.
Chapter 23	THE "PACIFICATION OF GHENT," AND TOLERATION. William of Orange more than King of Holland — The "Father of the Country" — Policy of the European Powers — Elizabeth — France — Germany — Coldness of Lutheranism — Causes — Hatred of German Lutherans to Dutch Calvinists — . Instances — William's New Project — His Appeal to all the Provinces to Unite against the Spaniards — The "Pacification of Ghent " — Its Articles — Toleration — Services to Toleration of John Calvin and William the Silent.
Chapter 24	ADMINISTRATION OF DON JOHN, AND FIRST SYNOD OF DORT. Little and Great Countries — Their respective Services to Religion and Liberty — The Pacification of Ghent brings with it an Element of Weakness — Divided Counsels and Aims — Union of Utrecht — The new Governor Don John of Austria — Asked to Ratify the Pacification of Ghent — Refuses — At last Consents — " The Perpetual Edict" — Perfidy meditated — A Martyr — Don John Seizes the Castle of Namur — Intercepted Letters — William made Governor of Brabant — His Triumphal Progress to Brussels — Splendid Opportunity of achieving Independence — Roman Catholicism a Dissolvent — Prince Matthias — his Character-Defeat of the Army of the Netherlands — Bull of the Pope — Amsterdam — Joins the Protestant Side — Civic Revolution — Progress of Protestantism in Antwerp, Ghent, etc. — First National Synod — Their Sentiments on Toleration — " Peace of Religion " — The Provinces Disunite — A Great Opportunity Lost — Death of Don John.
Chapter 25	ABJURATION OF PHILIP, AND RISE OF THE SEVEN UNITED PROVINCES. Alexander, Duke of Parma — His Character — Divisions in the Provinces — Siege of Maestricht — Defection of the Walloons — Union of Utrecht — Bases of Union — Germ of the United Provinces — Their Motto — Peace Congress at Cologne — Its Grandeur — Philip makes Impossible Demands — Failure of Congress — Attempts to Bribe William — His Incorruptibility — Ban Fulminated against him — His "Apology " — Arraignment of Philip — The Netherlands Abjure Philip II. as King — Holland and Zealand confer their Sovereignty on William — Greatness of the Revolution-Its Place in the History of Protestantism.
Chapter 26	ASSASSINATION OF WILLIAM THE SILENT. What the United Provinces are to become — The Walloons Return to Philip — William's Sovereignty — Brabant and the Duke of Anjou — His Entry into the Netherlands — His Administration a Failure — Matthias Departs — The Netherlands offer their Sovereignty to William — He Declines — Defection of Flanders — Attempt on William's Life — Anastro, the Spanish Banker — The Assassin — He Wounds the Prince — Alarm of the Provinces — Recovery of William — Death of his Wife — Another Attempt on William's Life — Balthazar Gerard — His Project of Assassinating the Prince — Encouraged by the Spanish Authorities — William's Murder — His Character.
Chapter 27	ORDER AND GOVERNMENT OF THE NETHERLAND CHURCH. The Spiritual Movement beneath the Armed Struggle — The Infant Springs — Gradual Development of the Church of the Netherlands — The "Forty Ecclesiastical Laws " — Their Enactments respecting the Election of Ministers — Examination and Admission of Pastors — Care for the Purity of the Pulpit — The "Fortnightly Exercise " — Yearly Visitation — Worship and Schools — Elders and Deacons — Power of the Magistrate in the Church — Controversy respecting it — Efforts of the States to Compose these Quarrels~Synod at Middelburg — It Completes the Constitution of the Dutch Church.
Chapter 28	DISORGANISATION OF THE PROVINCES. Vessels of Honour and of Dishonour — Memorial of the Magistrates of Leyden — They demand an Undivided Civil Authority — The Pastors demand an Undivided Spiritual Authority — The Popish and Protestant Jurisdictions — Oath to Observe the Pacification of Ghent Refused by many of the Priests — The Pacification Violated — Disorders — Tumults in Ghent, etc. — Dilemma of the Romanists — Their Loyalty — Miracles — The Prince obliged to Withdraw the Toleration of the Roman Worship — Priestly Charlatanties in Brussels — William and Toleration.
Chapter 29	THE SYNOD OF DORT. First Moments after William's Death — Defection of the Southern Provinces — Courage of Holland — Prince Maurice — States offer their Sovereignty to Henry III. of France — Treaty with Queen Elizabeth — Earl of Leicester — Retires from the Government of the Netherlands — Growth of the Provinces — Dutch Reformed Church — Calvinism the Common Theology of the Reformation — Arminius — his Teaching — His Party — Renewal of the Controversy touching Grace and Free-will — The Five Points — The Remonstrants — The Synod of Dort — Members and Delegates — Remonstrants Summoned before it-Their Opinions Condemned by it — Remonstrants Deposed and Banished — The Reformation Theology of the Second Age as compared with that of the First.
Chapter 30	GRANDEUR OF THE UNITED PROVINCES. The One Source of Holland's Strength — Prince Maurice made Governor — His Character — Dutch Statesmen — Spanish Power Sinking — Philip's Many Projects — His Wars in France — Successes o£ Maurice — Death of the Duke of Parma — Mighty Growth of Holland — Its 'Vast Commerce — Its Learning — Desolation of Brabant and Flanders — Cause of the Decline of Holland — The Stadtholder of Holland becomes King of England.

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