Quick View: "The History of Protestantism" by J. A. Wylie


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The History of Protestantism
A Voice from the Philadelphian Church Age

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VOLUME THIRD
BOOK TWENTY-FIRST

THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR.

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Chapter 1 . . . GREAT PERIODS OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR.
Dying Utterance of Charles IX of Sweden – Rearing of Gustavus Adolphus – Pacification of Augsburg – "Protestant Union" and "Catholic League:" their Objects – Third Phase of Protestantism in Germany – Beginning of the Thirty Years' War – Troubles at Prague – Insurrection – March of the Bohemians to Vienna – Their Retreat – War – Numbers of the Host – The Leaders on Both Sides – Oscillations of Victory – First Period of the War, from 1618 to 1630 – Second Period, from 1630 to 1634 – Third Period, from 1634 to 1648.

Chapter 2 . . . THE ARMY AND THE CAMP.
The Battle-fields of the Seventeenth and of the Nineteenth Centuries — All Nationalities drawn into this War — Motley Host around the Banners of the League — Carnage — The Camping-ground — The General's Tent — Officers' Tents — Soldiers' Huts — Change in Method of Fortifying Camps — Sentinels and Outposts — All Languages heard in the Camp — A Flying Plague — Plundering of the Surrounding Country — Prayers and Divine Service — Gambling — Huts of the Sutlers — Camp Signals — Oscillation between Abundance and Famine — Scenes of Profusion — Picture of Famine in the Camp — Superstitions — Morals — Duels.

Chapter 3 . . . THE MARCH AND ITS DEVASTATIONS.
Germany before the War — Its Husbandry — Its Villages — Its Cities — Dress, &c., of the Citizens — Schools — Its Protestantism — Memories of the Past — Foreign Soldiers Enter Thuringia — Their Oppressions of the Peasants — Exactions — Portents — Demoralization of Society — Villagers Driven into Hiding-places — Cruelties on Protestant Pastors — Michel Ludwig — George Faber — John Otto — Andrew Pochmann — The Pastor of Stelzen.

Chapter 4 . . . CONQUEST OF NORTH GERMANY BY FERDINAND II AND THE "CATHOLIC LEAGUE."
Ferdinand II's Aims — Extinction of Protestantism and the German Liberties — Ban of the Empire pronounced on Frederick V — Apathy of the Protestant Princes — They Withdraw from the Protestant Union — Count Mansfeld — Duke of Brunswick — The Number and Devastation of their Armies — Heidelberg Taken — The Palatinate Occupied — James I of England — Outwitted by Ferdinand and Philip II — Electorate of the Rhine Given to the Duke of Bavaria — Treaty between England, Holland, and Denmark — Christian IV of Denmark — Leads the Protestant Host — Ferdinand II Raises an Army — Wallenstein — His Character — Grandeur — Personal Appearance -His Method of Maintaining an Army — Movements of the Campaign of 1626 — Battle of Lutter — Victory of Tilly — Campaign of 1627 — North Germany Occupied by the League — Further Projects of Ferdinand

Chapter 5 . . . EDICT OF RESTITUTION.
Edict of Restitution — Its Injustice — Amount of Property to be Restored — Imperial Commissaries — Commencement at Augsburg — Bulk of Property Seized by Ferdinand and the Jesuits — Greater Projects meditated — Denmark and Sweden marked for Conquest — Retribution — Ferdinand asked to Disarm — Combination against Ferdinand — Father Joseph — Outwits the Emperor — Ferdinand and the Jesuits Plot their own Undoing.

Chapter 6 . . . ARRIVAL OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN GERMANY.
The Reaction — Its Limits — Preparatory Campaigns of Gustavus — All Ready — No Alternative left to Gustavus — His Motives — His Character — His Farewell to the Diet — His Parting Address — Embarkation — Lands in Germany — Contempt of Gustavus by the Court of Vienna — Marches on Stettin — Is Admitted into it — Takes Possession of Pomerania — Imperialists Driven out of Mecklenburg — Alliance with France — Edict of Restitution — John George, Elector of Saxony — His Project — The Convention at Leipsic — Its Failure.

Chapter 7 . . . FALL OF MAGDEBURG AND VICTORY OF LEIPSIC.
Magdeburg — Its Wealth and Importance — Coveted by both Parties — It declares against the Imperialists — Its Administrator — Count von Tilly — His Career — Personal Appearance — Magdeburg Invested — Refuse a Swedish Garrison — Suburbs Burned — The Assault — The Defense — Council of War — The Cannonading Ceases — False Hopes — The City Stormed and Taken — Entry of Tilly — Horrors of the Sack — Total Destruction of the City — Gustavus Blamed for not Raising the Siege — His Defense — The Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony now Join him — Battle of Leipsic — Plan of Battle — Total Rout of the Imperialists — All is Changed.

Chapter 8 . . . CONQUEST OF THE RHINE AND BAVARIA – BATTLE OF LUTZEN.
Thanksgiving – Two Roads – Gustavus Marches to the Rhine – Submission of Erfurt, Wurzburg, Frankfort – Capture of Mainz – Gustavus' Court -Future Arrangements for Germany – The King's Plans – Stipulations for Peace – Terms Rejected – Gustavus Enters Bavaria – Defeat and Death of Tilly – Wallenstein Recalled – His Terms – The Saxons in Bohemia -Gustavus at Augsburg – At Ingolstadt – His Encampment at Nuremberg – Camp of Wallenstein – Famine and Death – Wallenstein Invades Saxony – Gustavus Follows him – The Two Armies Meet at Lutzen – Morning of the Battle – The King's Address to his Troops – The Battle – Capture and Recapture of Trenches and Cannon – Murderous Conflicts – The King Wounded – He Falls.

Chapter 9 . . . DEATH OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS.
Battle Renewed – The Cry, "The King is Dead!" – The Duke of Saxe-Weimar takes the Command – Fury of the Swedes – Rout of the Imperialists – Arrival of Pappenheim on the Field – Renewal of Battle a Third Time – Death of Pappenheim – Final Rout of Wallenstein – Wallenstein on the Field of Battle – Retires to Leipsic – Escapes from Germany – Swedes remain Masters of the Field – Cost of the Victory – The King's Body Discovered – Embalmed and Conveyed to Sweden – Grief of the Swedes – Sorrow of Christendom – Character of Gustavus Adolphus – Accomplishes his Mission – Germany not Able to Receive the Emancipation he Achieved for her.

Chapter 10 . . . THE PACIFICATION OF WESTPHALIA.
Gustavus' Mission no Failure – Oxenstierna comes to the Helm – Diet of Heilbronn – Wallenstein's Advice to Ferdinand – Success of the Swedes – Inactivity of Wallenstein – His Offer to Join the Swedes – His Supposed Conspiracy against Ferdinand – He is Assassinated – Defeat of the Swedes – Battle of Nordlingen – Defection of the Elector of Saxony – Peace of Prague – Rejected by the Swedes – Treaty with France – Great Victory of the Swedes – Progress of the War – Isolation of Ferdinand – Cry for Peace – Negotiations at Munster – The Peace of Westphalia.

Chapter 11 . . . THE FATHERLAND AFTER THE WAR.
Peace Proclaimed – Banquet at Nuremberg – Varied Feelings awakened by the Peace – Celebration of the Peace in Dolstadt – Symbolical Figures and Procession – The Fatherland after the War – Its Recovery Slow – Invaded by Wandering and Lawless Troops – Poverty of the Inhabitants – Instances of Desolation of the Land – Unexampled Extent of the Calamity – Luther's Warnings Verified.

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Chapter 1	. . .	GREAT PERIODS OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR. Dying Utterance of Charles IX of Sweden – Rearing of Gustavus Adolphus – Pacification of Augsburg – "Protestant Union" and "Catholic League:" their Objects – Third Phase of Protestantism in Germany – Beginning of the Thirty Years' War – Troubles at Prague – Insurrection – March of the Bohemians to Vienna – Their Retreat – War – Numbers of the Host – The Leaders on Both Sides – Oscillations of Victory – First Period of the War, from 1618 to 1630 – Second Period, from 1630 to 1634 – Third Period, from 1634 to 1648.
Chapter 2	. . .	THE ARMY AND THE CAMP. The Battle-fields of the Seventeenth and of the Nineteenth Centuries — All Nationalities drawn into this War — Motley Host around the Banners of the League — Carnage — The Camping-ground — The General's Tent — Officers' Tents — Soldiers' Huts — Change in Method of Fortifying Camps — Sentinels and Outposts — All Languages heard in the Camp — A Flying Plague — Plundering of the Surrounding Country — Prayers and Divine Service — Gambling — Huts of the Sutlers — Camp Signals — Oscillation between Abundance and Famine — Scenes of Profusion — Picture of Famine in the Camp — Superstitions — Morals — Duels.
Chapter 3	. . .	THE MARCH AND ITS DEVASTATIONS. Germany before the War — Its Husbandry — Its Villages — Its Cities — Dress, &c., of the Citizens — Schools — Its Protestantism — Memories of the Past — Foreign Soldiers Enter Thuringia — Their Oppressions of the Peasants — Exactions — Portents — Demoralization of Society — Villagers Driven into Hiding-places — Cruelties on Protestant Pastors — Michel Ludwig — George Faber — John Otto — Andrew Pochmann — The Pastor of Stelzen.
Chapter 4	. . .	CONQUEST OF NORTH GERMANY BY FERDINAND II AND THE "CATHOLIC LEAGUE." Ferdinand II's Aims — Extinction of Protestantism and the German Liberties — Ban of the Empire pronounced on Frederick V — Apathy of the Protestant Princes — They Withdraw from the Protestant Union — Count Mansfeld — Duke of Brunswick — The Number and Devastation of their Armies — Heidelberg Taken — The Palatinate Occupied — James I of England — Outwitted by Ferdinand and Philip II — Electorate of the Rhine Given to the Duke of Bavaria — Treaty between England, Holland, and Denmark — Christian IV of Denmark — Leads the Protestant Host — Ferdinand II Raises an Army — Wallenstein — His Character — Grandeur — Personal Appearance -His Method of Maintaining an Army — Movements of the Campaign of 1626 — Battle of Lutter — Victory of Tilly — Campaign of 1627 — North Germany Occupied by the League — Further Projects of Ferdinand
Chapter 5	. . .	EDICT OF RESTITUTION. Edict of Restitution — Its Injustice — Amount of Property to be Restored — Imperial Commissaries — Commencement at Augsburg — Bulk of Property Seized by Ferdinand and the Jesuits — Greater Projects meditated — Denmark and Sweden marked for Conquest — Retribution — Ferdinand asked to Disarm — Combination against Ferdinand — Father Joseph — Outwits the Emperor — Ferdinand and the Jesuits Plot their own Undoing.
Chapter 6	. . .	ARRIVAL OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IN GERMANY. The Reaction — Its Limits — Preparatory Campaigns of Gustavus — All Ready — No Alternative left to Gustavus — His Motives — His Character — His Farewell to the Diet — His Parting Address — Embarkation — Lands in Germany — Contempt of Gustavus by the Court of Vienna — Marches on Stettin — Is Admitted into it — Takes Possession of Pomerania — Imperialists Driven out of Mecklenburg — Alliance with France — Edict of Restitution — John George, Elector of Saxony — His Project — The Convention at Leipsic — Its Failure.
Chapter 7	. . .	FALL OF MAGDEBURG AND VICTORY OF LEIPSIC. Magdeburg — Its Wealth and Importance — Coveted by both Parties — It declares against the Imperialists — Its Administrator — Count von Tilly — His Career — Personal Appearance — Magdeburg Invested — Refuse a Swedish Garrison — Suburbs Burned — The Assault — The Defense — Council of War — The Cannonading Ceases — False Hopes — The City Stormed and Taken — Entry of Tilly — Horrors of the Sack — Total Destruction of the City — Gustavus Blamed for not Raising the Siege — His Defense — The Electors of Brandenburg and Saxony now Join him — Battle of Leipsic — Plan of Battle — Total Rout of the Imperialists — All is Changed.
Chapter 8	. . .	CONQUEST OF THE RHINE AND BAVARIA – BATTLE OF LUTZEN. Thanksgiving – Two Roads – Gustavus Marches to the Rhine – Submission of Erfurt, Wurzburg, Frankfort – Capture of Mainz – Gustavus' Court -Future Arrangements for Germany – The King's Plans – Stipulations for Peace – Terms Rejected – Gustavus Enters Bavaria – Defeat and Death of Tilly – Wallenstein Recalled – His Terms – The Saxons in Bohemia -Gustavus at Augsburg – At Ingolstadt – His Encampment at Nuremberg – Camp of Wallenstein – Famine and Death – Wallenstein Invades Saxony – Gustavus Follows him – The Two Armies Meet at Lutzen – Morning of the Battle – The King's Address to his Troops – The Battle – Capture and Recapture of Trenches and Cannon – Murderous Conflicts – The King Wounded – He Falls.
Chapter 9	. . .	DEATH OF GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. Battle Renewed – The Cry, "The King is Dead!" – The Duke of Saxe-Weimar takes the Command – Fury of the Swedes – Rout of the Imperialists – Arrival of Pappenheim on the Field – Renewal of Battle a Third Time – Death of Pappenheim – Final Rout of Wallenstein – Wallenstein on the Field of Battle – Retires to Leipsic – Escapes from Germany – Swedes remain Masters of the Field – Cost of the Victory – The King's Body Discovered – Embalmed and Conveyed to Sweden – Grief of the Swedes – Sorrow of Christendom – Character of Gustavus Adolphus – Accomplishes his Mission – Germany not Able to Receive the Emancipation he Achieved for her.
Chapter 10	. . .	THE PACIFICATION OF WESTPHALIA. Gustavus' Mission no Failure – Oxenstierna comes to the Helm – Diet of Heilbronn – Wallenstein's Advice to Ferdinand – Success of the Swedes – Inactivity of Wallenstein – His Offer to Join the Swedes – His Supposed Conspiracy against Ferdinand – He is Assassinated – Defeat of the Swedes – Battle of Nordlingen – Defection of the Elector of Saxony – Peace of Prague – Rejected by the Swedes – Treaty with France – Great Victory of the Swedes – Progress of the War – Isolation of Ferdinand – Cry for Peace – Negotiations at Munster – The Peace of Westphalia.
Chapter 11	. . .	THE FATHERLAND AFTER THE WAR. Peace Proclaimed – Banquet at Nuremberg – Varied Feelings awakened by the Peace – Celebration of the Peace in Dolstadt – Symbolical Figures and Procession – The Fatherland after the War – Its Recovery Slow – Invaded by Wandering and Lawless Troops – Poverty of the Inhabitants – Instances of Desolation of the Land – Unexampled Extent of the Calamity – Luther's Warnings Verified.