Quick View: "The History of Protestantism" by J. A. Wylie


Phila	delphia > Quick View: "The History of Protestantism" by J. A. Wylie

The History of Protestantism
A Voice from the Philadelphian Church Age

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VOLUME FIRST
BOOK NINTH

HISTORY OF PROTESTANTISM FROM THE DIET OF WORMS, 1521, TO THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION, 1530.

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Chapter 1 THE GERMAN NEW TESTAMENT.
Man Silenced – God about to Speak – Political Complications – Truth in the Midst of Tempests – Luther in the Wartburg – Lessons taught him – Soliman – Relation of the Turk to the Reformation – Leo X. Dies – Adrian of Utrecht – What the Romans think of their New Pope – Adrian's Reforms – Luther's Idleness – Commences the Translation of the New Testament – Beauty of the Translation – A Second Revelation – Phantoms.

Chapter 2 THE ABOLITION OF THE MASS.
Friar Zwilling – Preaches against the Mass – Attacks the Monastic Orders – Bodenstein of Carlstadt – Dispenses the Supper – Fall of the Mass at Wittenberg – Other Changes – The Zwickau Prophets – Nicholas Stork – Thomas Munzer – InfantBaptism Denounced – The New Gospel – Disorders at Wittenberg – Rumors wafted to the Wartburg – Uneasiness of Luther – He Leaves the Wartburg – Appears at Wittenberg – His Sermon – A Week of Preaching – A Great Crisis – It is Safely Passed.

Chapter 3 POPE ADRIAN AND HIS SCHEME OF REFORM.
Calm Returns – Labors of Luther – Translation of Old Testament – Melanchthon's Common-places – First Protestant System – Preachers – Books Multiplied – Rapid Diffusion of the Truth – Diet at Nuremberg – Pope Adrian Afraid of the Turk – Still more of Lutheranism – His Exhortation to the Diet – His Reforms put before the Diet – They are Rejected – The Hundred Grievances – Edict of Diet permitting the Gospel to be Preached – Persecution – First Three Martyrs of Lutheran Reformation – Joy of Luther – Death of Pope Adrian.

Chapter 4 POPE CLEMENT AND THE NUREMBERG DIET.
The New Pope – Policy of Clement – Second Diet at Nuremberg – Campeggio – His instructions to the Diet – The "Hundred Grievances" – Rome's Policy of Dissimulation – Surprise of the Princes – They are Asked to Execute the Edict of Worms – Device of the Princes – A General Council – Vain Hopes – The Harbor – Still at Sea – Protestant Preaching in Nuremberg – Proposal to hold a Diet at Spires – Disgust of the Legate – Alarm of the Vatican – Both Sides Prepare for the Spires Diet.

Chapter 5 NUREMBERG. (THIS CHAPTER IS FOUNDED ON NOTES MADE ON THE SPOT BY THE AUTHOR IN 1871.)
Three Hundred Years Since – Site of Nuremberg – Depot of Commerce in Middle Ages – Its Population – Its Patricians and Plebeians – Their Artistic Skill – Nuremberg a Free Town – Its Burgraves – Its Oligarchy – Its Subject Towns – Fame of its Arts – Albert Durer – Hans Sachs – Its Architecture and Marvels – Enchantment of the Place – Rath-Haus – State Dungeons – Implements of Torture.

Chapter 6 THE RATISBON LEAGUE AND REFORMATION.
Protestantism in Nuremberg–German Provinces Declare for the Gospel–Intrigues of Campeggio–Ratisbon League –Ratisbon Scheme of Reform–Rejected by the German Princes–Letter of Pope Clement to the Emperor–The Emperor's Letter from Burgos–Forbids the Diet at Spires–German Unity Broken–Two Camps–Persecution–Martyrs.

Chapter 7 LUTHER'S VIEWS ON THE SACRAMENT AND IMAGE-WORSHIP.
New Friends–Philip, Landgrave of Hesse–Meeting between him and Melanchthon–Joins the Reformation–Duke Ernest, etc.–Knights of the Teutonic Order–Their Origin and History–Royal House of Prussia– Free Cities–Services to Protestantism–Division–Carlstadt Opposes Luther on the Sacrament–Luther's Early Views–Recoil –Essence of Paganism–Opus Operatum–Calvin and Zwingli's View–Carlstadt Leaves Wittenberg and goes to Orlamunde–Scene at the Inn at Jena– Luther Disputes at Orlamunde on Image-Worship–Carlstadt Quits Saxony–Death of the Elector Frederick.

Chapter 8 WAR OF THE PEASANTS.
A New Danger–German Peasantry–Their Oppressions–These grow Worse–The Reformation Seeks to Alleviate them–The Outbreak–The Reformation Accused–The Twelve Articles–These Rejected by the Princes–Luther's Course–His Admonitions to the Clergy and the Peasantry–Rebellion in Suabia–Extends to Franconia, etc.–The Black Forest–Peasant Army–Ravages–Slaughterings–Count Louis of Helfenstein–Extends to the Rhine–Universal Terror–Army of the Princes–Insurrection Arrested–Weinsberg–Retaliation–Thomas Munzer–Lessons of the Outbreak.

Chapter 9 THE BATTLE OF PAVIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PROTESTANTISM.
The Papacy Entangles itself with Earthly Interests–Protestantism stands Alone–Monarchy and the Popedom–Which is to Rule?–The Conflict a Defence in Protestantism–War between the Emperor and Francis I.– Expulsion of the French from Italy–Battle of Pavia–Capture and Captivity of Francis I.–Charles V. at the Head of Europe– Protestantism to be Extirpated–Luther Marries–The Nuns of Nimptsch–Catherine von Bora–Antichrist about to be Born–What Luther's Marriage said to Rome.

Chapter 10 DIETAT SPIRES, 1526, AND LEAGUE AGAINST THE EMPEROR.
A Storm–Rolls away from Wittenberg–Clement Hopes to Restore the Mediaeval Papal Glories–Forms a League against the Emperor– Changes of the Wind–Charles turns to Wittenberg–Diet at Spires– Spirit of the Lutheran Princes–Duke John–Landgrave Philip–"The Word of the Lord endureth for ever"–Protestant Sermons–City Churches Deserted–The Diet takes the Road to Wittenberg–The Free Towns–The Reforms Demanded–Popish Party Discouraged–The Emperor's Letter from Seville–Consternation.

Chapter 11 THE SACK OF ROME.
A Great Crisis–Deliverance Dawns–Tidings of Feud between the Pope and Emperor–Political Situation Reversed–Edict of Worms Suspended–Legal Settlement of Toleration in Germany–The Tempest takes the Direction of Rome– Charles's Letter to Clement VII.–An Army Raised in Germany for the Emperor's Assistance – Freundsberg–The German Troops Cross the Alps–Junction with the Spanish General–United Host March on Rome–The City Taken–Sack of Rome–Pillage and Slaughter–Rome never Retrieves the Blow.

Chapter 12 ORGANIZATION OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH.
A Calm of Three Years–Luther Begins to Build–Christians, but no Christian Society–Old Foundations–Gospel Creates Christians– Christ their Center–Truth their Bond–Unity–Luther's Theory of Priesthood–All True Christians Priests–Some Elected to Discharge its Functions–Difference between Romish Priesthood and Protestant Priesthood–Commission of Visitation–Its Work–Church Constitution of Saxony.

Chapter 13 CONSTITUTION OF THE CHURCH OF HESSE.
Francis Lambert–Quits his Monastery at Avignon–Comes to Zurich– Goes on to Germany–Luther Recommends him to Landgrave Philip– Invited to frame a Constitution for the Church of Hesse–His Paradoxes–The Priest's Commentary–Discussion at Homburg–The Hessian Church constituted–Its Simplicity–Contrast to Romish Organization–General Ends gained by Visitation–Moderation of Luther–Monks and Nuns–Stipends of Protestant Pastors–Luther's Instructions to them–Deplorable Ignorance of German Peasantry– Luther's Smaller and Larger Catechisms–Their Effects.

Chapter 14 POLITICS AND PRODIGIES.
Wars–Francis I. Violates his Treaty with Charles–The Turk–The Pope and the Emperor again become Friends–Failure of the League of Cognac–Subjection of Italy to Spain–New League between the Pope and the Emperor –Heresy to be Extinguished–A New Diet summoned–Prodigies–Otto Pack–His Story–The Lutheran Princes prepare for War against the Popish Confederates–Luther Interposes– War Averted–Martyrs.

Chapter 15 THE GREAT PROTEST
Diet of 1529–The Assembling of the Popish Princes–Their Numbers and high Hopes–Elector of Saxony–Arrival of Philip of Hesse–The Diet Meets–The Emperor's Message–Shall the Diet Repeal the Edict (1526) of Toleration? –The Debate–A Middle Motion proposed by the Popish Members–This would have Stifled the Reformation in Germany–Passed by a Majority of Votes–The Crisis–Shall the Lutheran Princes Accept it?–Ferdinand hastily Quits the Diet– Protestant Princes Consult together–Their Protest–Their Name– Grandeur of the Issues.

Chapter 16 CONFERENCE AT MARBURG.
Landgrave Philip–His Activity–Elector John and Landgrave Philip the Complement of each other–Philip's Efforts for Union–The One Point of Disunion among the Protestants–The Sacrament–Luther and Zwingli–Their Difference–Philip undertakes their Reconcilement–He proposes a Conference on the Sacrament–Luther Accepts with difficulty–Marburg-Zwingli's Journey thither–Arrival of Wittenberg Theologians–Private Discussions –Public Conference–"This is my Body"–A Figure of Speech–Luther's Carnal Eating and Spiritual Eating–Ecolampadius and Luther–Zwingli and Luther–Can a Body be in more Places than One at the Same Time?–Mathematics–The Fathers–The Conference Ends–The Division not Healed– Imperiousness of Luther–Grief of Zwingli–Mortification of Philip of Hesse–The Plague.

Chapter 17 THE MARBURG CONFESSION.
Further Effects of the Landgrave–Zwingli's Approaches–Luther's Repulse–The Landgrave's Proposal–Articles Drafted by Luther– Signed by Both Parties–Agreement in Doctrine–Only One Point of Difference, namely, the Manner of Christ's Presence in the Sacrament– The Marburg Confession–A Monument of the Real Brotherhood of all Protestants–Bond between Germany and Helvetia–Ends served by it.

Chapter 18 THE EMPEROR, THE TURK, AND THE REFORMATION.
Charles's great Ambition, the Supremacy of Christendom–Protestantism his great Stumbling-Block–The Edict of Worms is to Remove that Stumbling-Block–Charles Disappointed–The Victory of Pavia Renews the Hope–Again Disappointed–The Diet of Spires, 1526–Again Balked–In the Church, Peace: in the World, War–The Turk before Vienna–Terror in Germany–The Emperor again Laying the Train for Extinction of Protestantism –Charles Lands at Genoa–Protestant Deputies–Interview with Emperor at Piacenza–Charles's stern Reply– Arrest of Deputies–Emperor sets out for Bologna.

Chapter 19 MEETING BETWEEN THE EMPEROR AND POPE AT BOLOGNA.
Meeting of Protestants at Schmalkald–Complete Agreement in Matters of Faith insisted on–Failure to Form a Defensive League–Luther's Views on War–Division among the Protestants Over-ruled–The Emperor at Bologna–Interviews between Charles and Clement–The Emperor Proposes a Council–The Pope Recommends the Sword– Campeggio and Gattinara–The Emperor's Secret Thoughts–His Coronation–Accident–San Petronio and its Spectacle–Rites of Coronation–Significancy of Each–The Emperor sets out for Germany.

Chapter 20 PREPARATIONS FOR THE AUGSBURG DIET.
Charles Crosses the Tyrol–Looks down on Germany–Events in his Absence–His Reflections–Fruitlessness of his Labors–Opposite Realisations-All Things meant by Charles for the Hurt turn out to the Advantage of Protestantism–An Unseen Leader–The Emperor Arrives at Innspruck–Assembling of the Princes to the Diet–Journey of the Elector of Saxony–Luther's Hymn–Luther left at Coburg–Courage of the Protestant Princes–Protestant Sermons in Augsburg–Popish Preachers–The Torgau Articles–Prepared by Melanchthon– Approved by Luther.

Chapter 21 ARRIVAL OF THE EMPEROR AT AUGSBURG AND OPENING OF THE DIET.
Arrivals–The Archbishop of Cologne, etc.–Charles–Pleasantries of Luther–Diet of the Crows–An Allegory–Intimation of the Emperor's Coming–The Princes Meet him at the Torrent Lech–Splendor of the Procession –Seckendorf's Description–Enters Augsburg–Accident– Rites in the Cathedral–Charles's Interview with the Protestant Princes– Demands the Silencing of their Preachers–Protestants Refuse–Final Arrangement– Opening of Diet–Procession of Corpus Christi–Shall the Elector Join the Procession?–Sermon of Papal Nuncio –The Turk and Lutherans Compared–Calls on Charles to use the Sword against the Latter.

Chapter 22 LUTHER IN THE COBURG AND MELANCHTHON AT THE DIET.
The Emperor Opens the Diet–Magnificence of the Assemblage–Hopes of its Members–The Emperor's Speech–His Picture of Europe–The Turk–His Ravages–The Remedy–Charles Calls for Execution of Edict of Worms –Luther at Coburg–His Labors–Translation of the Prophets, etc.–His Health–His Temptations–How he Sustains his Faith–Melanchthon at Augsburg–His Temporisings–Luther's Reproofs and Admonitions.

Chapter 23 READING OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION.
The Religious Question First–Augsburg Confession–Signed by the Princes–The Laity–Princes Demand to Read their Confession in Public Diet–Refusal–Demand Renewed–Granted–The Princes Appear before the Emperor and Diet–A Little One become a Thousand– Mortification of Charles–Confession Read in German–Its Articles – The Trinity–Original Sin–Christ– Justification– The Ministry– Good Works –The Church–The Lord's Supper, etc.–The Mass, etc.– Effect of Reading the Confession–Luther's Triumph.

Chapter 24 AFTER THE DIET OF AUGSBURG.
The Great Protest–The Cities asked to Abandon it–The Augsburg Confession–Theological Culmination of Reformation in Germany– Elation of the Protestants–Three Confessions–Harmony–New Converts–Consultations and Dialogues in the Emperor's Antechamber–The Bishop of Salzburg on Priests–Translation of the Confession into French–The Free Protesting Towns–Asked to Abandon the Protest of 1529–Astonishment of the Deputies–The Vanquished affecting to be the Victor–What the Protest of 1529 enfolded–The Folly of the Emperor's Demand.

Chapter 25 ATTEMPTED REFUTATION OF THE CONFESSION.
What is to be done with the Confession?–Perplexity of the Romanists– The Confession to be Refuted–Eck and Twenty Others chosen for this Work–Luther's Warnings–Melanchthon's and Charles's Forecast– Wrestlings in the Coburg–The Fourteen Protestant Free Cities– Refutation of the Confession –Vapid and Lengthy–Rejected by the Emperor–A Second Attempt–The Emperor's Sister–Her Influence with Charles–The Play of the Masks.

Chapter 26 END OF THE DIET OF AUGSBURG.
Diplomacy–The Protestant Princes–John the Steadfast–Bribes and Threatenings–Second Refutation of the Confession–Submission Demanded from the Protestants–They Refuse–Luther's Faith– Romanists resume Negotiations–Melancthon's Concessions– Melancthon's Fall–All Hopes of Reconciliation Abandoned–Recess of the Diet–Mortification and Defeat of the Emperor.

Chapter 27 A RETROSPECT–1517-1530–PROGRESS.
Glance back–The Path continually Progressive–The Gains Of Thirteen Years–Provinces and Cities Evangelised in Germany–Day Breaking in other Countries–German Bible–German Church–A Saxon Paradise–Political Movements–Their Subordination to Protestantism–Wittenberg the Center of the Drama–Charles V. and his Campaigns–Attempts to Enforce the Edict of Worms–Their Results– All these Attempts work in the Opposite Direction–Onward March of Protestantism–Downward Course of every Opposing Interest– Protestantism as distinguished from Primitive Christianity–The Two Bibles.

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Chapter 1	THE GERMAN NEW TESTAMENT. Man Silenced – God about to Speak – Political Complications – Truth in the Midst of Tempests – Luther in the Wartburg – Lessons taught him – Soliman – Relation of the Turk to the Reformation – Leo X. Dies – Adrian of Utrecht – What the Romans think of their New Pope – Adrian's Reforms – Luther's Idleness – Commences the Translation of the New Testament – Beauty of the Translation – A Second Revelation – Phantoms.
Chapter 2	THE ABOLITION OF THE MASS. Friar Zwilling – Preaches against the Mass – Attacks the Monastic Orders – Bodenstein of Carlstadt – Dispenses the Supper – Fall of the Mass at Wittenberg – Other Changes – The Zwickau Prophets – Nicholas Stork – Thomas Munzer – InfantBaptism Denounced – The New Gospel – Disorders at Wittenberg – Rumors wafted to the Wartburg – Uneasiness of Luther – He Leaves the Wartburg – Appears at Wittenberg – His Sermon – A Week of Preaching – A Great Crisis – It is Safely Passed.
Chapter 3	POPE ADRIAN AND HIS SCHEME OF REFORM. Calm Returns – Labors of Luther – Translation of Old Testament – Melanchthon's Common-places – First Protestant System – Preachers – Books Multiplied – Rapid Diffusion of the Truth – Diet at Nuremberg – Pope Adrian Afraid of the Turk – Still more of Lutheranism – His Exhortation to the Diet – His Reforms put before the Diet – They are Rejected – The Hundred Grievances – Edict of Diet permitting the Gospel to be Preached – Persecution – First Three Martyrs of Lutheran Reformation – Joy of Luther – Death of Pope Adrian.
Chapter 4	POPE CLEMENT AND THE NUREMBERG DIET. The New Pope – Policy of Clement – Second Diet at Nuremberg – Campeggio – His instructions to the Diet – The "Hundred Grievances" – Rome's Policy of Dissimulation – Surprise of the Princes – They are Asked to Execute the Edict of Worms – Device of the Princes – A General Council – Vain Hopes – The Harbor – Still at Sea – Protestant Preaching in Nuremberg – Proposal to hold a Diet at Spires – Disgust of the Legate – Alarm of the Vatican – Both Sides Prepare for the Spires Diet.
Chapter 5	NUREMBERG. (THIS CHAPTER IS FOUNDED ON NOTES MADE ON THE SPOT BY THE AUTHOR IN 1871.) Three Hundred Years Since – Site of Nuremberg – Depot of Commerce in Middle Ages – Its Population – Its Patricians and Plebeians – Their Artistic Skill – Nuremberg a Free Town – Its Burgraves – Its Oligarchy – Its Subject Towns – Fame of its Arts – Albert Durer – Hans Sachs – Its Architecture and Marvels – Enchantment of the Place – Rath-Haus – State Dungeons – Implements of Torture.
Chapter 6	THE RATISBON LEAGUE AND REFORMATION. Protestantism in Nuremberg–German Provinces Declare for the Gospel–Intrigues of Campeggio–Ratisbon League –Ratisbon Scheme of Reform–Rejected by the German Princes–Letter of Pope Clement to the Emperor–The Emperor's Letter from Burgos–Forbids the Diet at Spires–German Unity Broken–Two Camps–Persecution–Martyrs.
Chapter 7	LUTHER'S VIEWS ON THE SACRAMENT AND IMAGE-WORSHIP. New Friends–Philip, Landgrave of Hesse–Meeting between him and Melanchthon–Joins the Reformation–Duke Ernest, etc.–Knights of the Teutonic Order–Their Origin and History–Royal House of Prussia– Free Cities–Services to Protestantism–Division–Carlstadt Opposes Luther on the Sacrament–Luther's Early Views–Recoil –Essence of Paganism–Opus Operatum–Calvin and Zwingli's View–Carlstadt Leaves Wittenberg and goes to Orlamunde–Scene at the Inn at Jena– Luther Disputes at Orlamunde on Image-Worship–Carlstadt Quits Saxony–Death of the Elector Frederick.
Chapter 8	WAR OF THE PEASANTS. A New Danger–German Peasantry–Their Oppressions–These grow Worse–The Reformation Seeks to Alleviate them–The Outbreak–The Reformation Accused–The Twelve Articles–These Rejected by the Princes–Luther's Course–His Admonitions to the Clergy and the Peasantry–Rebellion in Suabia–Extends to Franconia, etc.–The Black Forest–Peasant Army–Ravages–Slaughterings–Count Louis of Helfenstein–Extends to the Rhine–Universal Terror–Army of the Princes–Insurrection Arrested–Weinsberg–Retaliation–Thomas Munzer–Lessons of the Outbreak.
Chapter 9	THE BATTLE OF PAVIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PROTESTANTISM. The Papacy Entangles itself with Earthly Interests–Protestantism stands Alone–Monarchy and the Popedom–Which is to Rule?–The Conflict a Defence in Protestantism–War between the Emperor and Francis I.– Expulsion of the French from Italy–Battle of Pavia–Capture and Captivity of Francis I.–Charles V. at the Head of Europe– Protestantism to be Extirpated–Luther Marries–The Nuns of Nimptsch–Catherine von Bora–Antichrist about to be Born–What Luther's Marriage said to Rome.
Chapter 10	DIETAT SPIRES, 1526, AND LEAGUE AGAINST THE EMPEROR. A Storm–Rolls away from Wittenberg–Clement Hopes to Restore the Mediaeval Papal Glories–Forms a League against the Emperor– Changes of the Wind–Charles turns to Wittenberg–Diet at Spires– Spirit of the Lutheran Princes–Duke John–Landgrave Philip–"The Word of the Lord endureth for ever"–Protestant Sermons–City Churches Deserted–The Diet takes the Road to Wittenberg–The Free Towns–The Reforms Demanded–Popish Party Discouraged–The Emperor's Letter from Seville–Consternation.
Chapter 11	THE SACK OF ROME. A Great Crisis–Deliverance Dawns–Tidings of Feud between the Pope and Emperor–Political Situation Reversed–Edict of Worms Suspended–Legal Settlement of Toleration in Germany–The Tempest takes the Direction of Rome– Charles's Letter to Clement VII.–An Army Raised in Germany for the Emperor's Assistance – Freundsberg–The German Troops Cross the Alps–Junction with the Spanish General–United Host March on Rome–The City Taken–Sack of Rome–Pillage and Slaughter–Rome never Retrieves the Blow.
Chapter 12	ORGANIZATION OF THE LUTHERAN CHURCH. A Calm of Three Years–Luther Begins to Build–Christians, but no Christian Society–Old Foundations–Gospel Creates Christians– Christ their Center–Truth their Bond–Unity–Luther's Theory of Priesthood–All True Christians Priests–Some Elected to Discharge its Functions–Difference between Romish Priesthood and Protestant Priesthood–Commission of Visitation–Its Work–Church Constitution of Saxony.
Chapter 13	CONSTITUTION OF THE CHURCH OF HESSE. Francis Lambert–Quits his Monastery at Avignon–Comes to Zurich– Goes on to Germany–Luther Recommends him to Landgrave Philip– Invited to frame a Constitution for the Church of Hesse–His Paradoxes–The Priest's Commentary–Discussion at Homburg–The Hessian Church constituted–Its Simplicity–Contrast to Romish Organization–General Ends gained by Visitation–Moderation of Luther–Monks and Nuns–Stipends of Protestant Pastors–Luther's Instructions to them–Deplorable Ignorance of German Peasantry– Luther's Smaller and Larger Catechisms–Their Effects.
Chapter 14	POLITICS AND PRODIGIES. Wars–Francis I. Violates his Treaty with Charles–The Turk–The Pope and the Emperor again become Friends–Failure of the League of Cognac–Subjection of Italy to Spain–New League between the Pope and the Emperor –Heresy to be Extinguished–A New Diet summoned–Prodigies–Otto Pack–His Story–The Lutheran Princes prepare for War against the Popish Confederates–Luther Interposes– War Averted–Martyrs.
Chapter 15	THE GREAT PROTEST Diet of 1529–The Assembling of the Popish Princes–Their Numbers and high Hopes–Elector of Saxony–Arrival of Philip of Hesse–The Diet Meets–The Emperor's Message–Shall the Diet Repeal the Edict (1526) of Toleration? –The Debate–A Middle Motion proposed by the Popish Members–This would have Stifled the Reformation in Germany–Passed by a Majority of Votes–The Crisis–Shall the Lutheran Princes Accept it?–Ferdinand hastily Quits the Diet– Protestant Princes Consult together–Their Protest–Their Name– Grandeur of the Issues.
Chapter 16	CONFERENCE AT MARBURG. Landgrave Philip–His Activity–Elector John and Landgrave Philip the Complement of each other–Philip's Efforts for Union–The One Point of Disunion among the Protestants–The Sacrament–Luther and Zwingli–Their Difference–Philip undertakes their Reconcilement–He proposes a Conference on the Sacrament–Luther Accepts with difficulty–Marburg-Zwingli's Journey thither–Arrival of Wittenberg Theologians–Private Discussions –Public Conference–"This is my Body"–A Figure of Speech–Luther's Carnal Eating and Spiritual Eating–Ecolampadius and Luther–Zwingli and Luther–Can a Body be in more Places than One at the Same Time?–Mathematics–The Fathers–The Conference Ends–The Division not Healed– Imperiousness of Luther–Grief of Zwingli–Mortification of Philip of Hesse–The Plague.
Chapter 17	THE MARBURG CONFESSION. Further Effects of the Landgrave–Zwingli's Approaches–Luther's Repulse–The Landgrave's Proposal–Articles Drafted by Luther– Signed by Both Parties–Agreement in Doctrine–Only One Point of Difference, namely, the Manner of Christ's Presence in the Sacrament– The Marburg Confession–A Monument of the Real Brotherhood of all Protestants–Bond between Germany and Helvetia–Ends served by it.
Chapter 18	THE EMPEROR, THE TURK, AND THE REFORMATION. Charles's great Ambition, the Supremacy of Christendom–Protestantism his great Stumbling-Block–The Edict of Worms is to Remove that Stumbling-Block–Charles Disappointed–The Victory of Pavia Renews the Hope–Again Disappointed–The Diet of Spires, 1526–Again Balked–In the Church, Peace: in the World, War–The Turk before Vienna–Terror in Germany–The Emperor again Laying the Train for Extinction of Protestantism –Charles Lands at Genoa–Protestant Deputies–Interview with Emperor at Piacenza–Charles's stern Reply– Arrest of Deputies–Emperor sets out for Bologna.
Chapter 19	MEETING BETWEEN THE EMPEROR AND POPE AT BOLOGNA. Meeting of Protestants at Schmalkald–Complete Agreement in Matters of Faith insisted on–Failure to Form a Defensive League–Luther's Views on War–Division among the Protestants Over-ruled–The Emperor at Bologna–Interviews between Charles and Clement–The Emperor Proposes a Council–The Pope Recommends the Sword– Campeggio and Gattinara–The Emperor's Secret Thoughts–His Coronation–Accident–San Petronio and its Spectacle–Rites of Coronation–Significancy of Each–The Emperor sets out for Germany.
Chapter 20	PREPARATIONS FOR THE AUGSBURG DIET. Charles Crosses the Tyrol–Looks down on Germany–Events in his Absence–His Reflections–Fruitlessness of his Labors–Opposite Realisations-All Things meant by Charles for the Hurt turn out to the Advantage of Protestantism–An Unseen Leader–The Emperor Arrives at Innspruck–Assembling of the Princes to the Diet–Journey of the Elector of Saxony–Luther's Hymn–Luther left at Coburg–Courage of the Protestant Princes–Protestant Sermons in Augsburg–Popish Preachers–The Torgau Articles–Prepared by Melanchthon– Approved by Luther.
Chapter 21	ARRIVAL OF THE EMPEROR AT AUGSBURG AND OPENING OF THE DIET. Arrivals–The Archbishop of Cologne, etc.–Charles–Pleasantries of Luther–Diet of the Crows–An Allegory–Intimation of the Emperor's Coming–The Princes Meet him at the Torrent Lech–Splendor of the Procession –Seckendorf's Description–Enters Augsburg–Accident– Rites in the Cathedral–Charles's Interview with the Protestant Princes– Demands the Silencing of their Preachers–Protestants Refuse–Final Arrangement– Opening of Diet–Procession of Corpus Christi–Shall the Elector Join the Procession?–Sermon of Papal Nuncio –The Turk and Lutherans Compared–Calls on Charles to use the Sword against the Latter.
Chapter 22	LUTHER IN THE COBURG AND MELANCHTHON AT THE DIET. The Emperor Opens the Diet–Magnificence of the Assemblage–Hopes of its Members–The Emperor's Speech–His Picture of Europe–The Turk–His Ravages–The Remedy–Charles Calls for Execution of Edict of Worms –Luther at Coburg–His Labors–Translation of the Prophets, etc.–His Health–His Temptations–How he Sustains his Faith–Melanchthon at Augsburg–His Temporisings–Luther's Reproofs and Admonitions.
Chapter 23	READING OF THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION. The Religious Question First–Augsburg Confession–Signed by the Princes–The Laity–Princes Demand to Read their Confession in Public Diet–Refusal–Demand Renewed–Granted–The Princes Appear before the Emperor and Diet–A Little One become a Thousand– Mortification of Charles–Confession Read in German–Its Articles – The Trinity–Original Sin–Christ– Justification– The Ministry– Good Works –The Church–The Lord's Supper, etc.–The Mass, etc.– Effect of Reading the Confession–Luther's Triumph.
Chapter 24	AFTER THE DIET OF AUGSBURG. The Great Protest–The Cities asked to Abandon it–The Augsburg Confession–Theological Culmination of Reformation in Germany– Elation of the Protestants–Three Confessions–Harmony–New Converts–Consultations and Dialogues in the Emperor's Antechamber–The Bishop of Salzburg on Priests–Translation of the Confession into French–The Free Protesting Towns–Asked to Abandon the Protest of 1529–Astonishment of the Deputies–The Vanquished affecting to be the Victor–What the Protest of 1529 enfolded–The Folly of the Emperor's Demand.
Chapter 25	ATTEMPTED REFUTATION OF THE CONFESSION. What is to be done with the Confession?–Perplexity of the Romanists– The Confession to be Refuted–Eck and Twenty Others chosen for this Work–Luther's Warnings–Melanchthon's and Charles's Forecast– Wrestlings in the Coburg–The Fourteen Protestant Free Cities– Refutation of the Confession –Vapid and Lengthy–Rejected by the Emperor–A Second Attempt–The Emperor's Sister–Her Influence with Charles–The Play of the Masks.
Chapter 26	END OF THE DIET OF AUGSBURG. Diplomacy–The Protestant Princes–John the Steadfast–Bribes and Threatenings–Second Refutation of the Confession–Submission Demanded from the Protestants–They Refuse–Luther's Faith– Romanists resume Negotiations–Melancthon's Concessions– Melancthon's Fall–All Hopes of Reconciliation Abandoned–Recess of the Diet–Mortification and Defeat of the Emperor.
Chapter 27	A RETROSPECT–1517-1530–PROGRESS. Glance back–The Path continually Progressive–The Gains Of Thirteen Years–Provinces and Cities Evangelised in Germany–Day Breaking in other Countries–German Bible–German Church–A Saxon Paradise–Political Movements–Their Subordination to Protestantism–Wittenberg the Center of the Drama–Charles V. and his Campaigns–Attempts to Enforce the Edict of Worms–Their Results– All these Attempts work in the Opposite Direction–Onward March of Protestantism–Downward Course of every Opposing Interest– Protestantism as distinguished from Primitive Christianity–The Two Bibles.